What is MOST likely the reason the author included information about climate pattern shifts in Madagascar?

A
to stress the importance of Kuhn's research and efforts to protect the island's biodiversity
B
to explain why snakes have had to adapt to the environment on the island
C
to describe the difficulties that Kuhn experienced in gathering samples for study
D
to show how human activity continues to have an adverse effect on the island

martians or other types of aliens represent a unique fear as opposed to zombies. vampires and other types of monsters.   in most sci-fi stories, aliens come from other worlds and have different or more advanced technology.   abductions and experimentation on human bodies that involve these technologies, or the use of these technologies against human beings and the use of unknown "powers", are a type of fear that's different from that of other types of monsters.  

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle is the lithosphere.     answer   crust and outer part of the mantle.