What does Emerson argue should be the basis of human actions in the second paragraph of "Sell Reliance?
the right to protect one's property from damage by others
confidence in one's intelligence and inner worth
a desire for progress and innovation in society
the urge to succeed and make a decent living

taking into account that a theme is the central topic a text treats and can be developed through a story, play, poem etc. the following are themes that can be further developed:  

my best friend jeffrey has many unusual interests. (the story could be about each of the unususal interests)

once a man gives his soul over to evil, he can never go back. (this could be a saying or a proverb)

the three sheepdogs lay around the yard all day. (it could be developed detailing how each of these sheepdogs lay around)

a priest's collar has an unusual effect upon people. (it could be developed detailing the different effect upon people)

innocence is a powerful force in a world full of corruption. (it could be developed detailing how is a world full of corruption)

king lear is a play shakespeare wrote later. (it is just a sentence and doesnt give any idea or topic to be discussed in details.

evil often wears the disguise of innocence. (this could be a saying or a proverb)

answer: to inform

explanation: the red death is an exciting passage, but also in some ways scary, so it is not to amuse. the red death is far in the past, so it is not to warn.

answer: the first one climax ,the second   is plot

explanation:

i will have to go with 1.

hope this !