Who awakened them during the night? Number the stars

Which revision of this sentence best uses direct characterization?

4.in those days the church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society. •type of figurative language: •meaning of figurative language: •effect on tone and mood: •effect on audience: choose out of these: hyperbole, irony, historical question, paradox, allusion, metaphor, personification, symbolism and simile

Who is not a member of rome’s second triumvirate?