1. What is deviance? Give one example of deviance.
2. What are the different types of crime? Define each type.
3. What is social control? Give one example of social control.
4. What are three factors that Hirschi argues makes us more or less likely to be deviant?
5. What is the criminal justice system? What are two parts of this system?
6. Critical Thinking Questions
1. Which of the explanations for deviance discussed (biological, labeling theory, Durkheim's theory,
strain theory) do you think best explains deviance? Why?
2. Sociologists argue that what is considered deviant varies from culture to culture. Give an
example of something that might be considered deviant in one area but would be the norm in
another. Discuss your personal opinion of whether this activity is deviant and why.
3. Hirschi provides several factors that he believes influence whether or not a person will act in a
deviant way. Which one do you think is most important in preventing deviance? Why?
4. Durkheim argues that deviance is important to society. What functions does he believe deviance
gives society? Do you agree with him that deviance has important functions in society? Why or
why not?
5. Do you think that punishments like prison sentences or fines help stop crime? Why or why not?

Read this paragraph from chapter 5 of the prince. there are, for example, the spartans and the romans. the spartans held athens and thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they lost them. the romans, in order to hold capua, carthage, and numantia, dismantled them, and did not lose them. they wished to hold greece as the spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did not succeed. so to hold it they were compelled to dismantle many cities in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them otherwise than by ruining them. and he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. and whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the florentines. what idea is stressed in the passage? the desire for liberty the establishment of an oligarchy the dismantling of an acquired state the tendency toward rebellion