1. "the precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due. the study of law consists of two branches, law public and law private. the former relates to the welfare of the roman state; the latter to the advantage of the individual citizen. of private law then we may say that it is of threefold origin, being collected from the precepts of nature, from those of the law of nations, or from those of the civil law of rome."
source: from the institutes of justinian, b. moyle, trans.3rd ed. (oxford: oxford university press, 1896), pp. 3-5.

this excerpt from the justinian code shows how the byzantine empire

a. preserved greco-roman culture

b. reformed the roman catholic church

c. split from western roman legal traditions

d. established an eastern orthodox church separate from rome
2. use the excerpt to answer the following question:

"and so as it were at the same moment
the master's command is given
and the disciple's work is completed,
the two things being speedily accomplished together
in the swiftness of the fear of god
by those who are moved
with the desire of attaining life everlasting."
source: the rule of our most holy father st. benedict, patriarch of monks, from the old english edition of 1638. edited in latin and english. (london: washbourne, 1875)

this excerpt from the rule of benedict demonstrates

a. importance of obedience among monastic orders

b. power of the pope over the church

c. spread of the christian faith by missionaries

d. nature of changes to medieval church structure