What does the word “punitive” most closely mean as it is used in paragraph 12?

A. Bold and courageous
B. Destructive and violent
C. Meant to criticize or offend
D. Meant to punish or discipline

Which sentence in this excerpt from leo tolstoy’s the death of ivan ilyich suggests that ivan ilyich felt his family and friends didn’t understand him and neglected him?

1) earth's crust is made up of relatively rigid plates that ride atop earth's hot, semiliquid mantle. (2) the plates are called tectonic because they're in constant motion. (3) they can move because earth's mantle is a very hot and semiliquid fluid called magma. (4) volcanoes are a result of magma rising up or erupting through a plate, particularly where plate boundaries are moving against each other. (5) also, when plates slide against each other, causing friction along adjacent plate boundaries, earthquakes frequently occur. (6) therefore, we often find volcanoes and earthquakes along plate boundaries. (7) plates may also collide. (8) when that happens, mountain ranges are formed. (9) for example, the collision of the plate carrying the indian subcontinent created the himalayan mountains when it collided with the asian plate. which statement about this paragraph is accurate?

Question 1 translate: i have to eat. question 2 translate: one must study. question 3 to make a good grade, one must pay attention. para sacar una buena nota, prestar atención. question 4 to make money, one must work. para ganar dinero, trabajar. question 5 translate: maria has to talk.