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Write an essay that answers the question, "What was haunting America in the nineteenth century?" Develop your thesis with details and quotes from the stories "Rip Van Winkle," "Young Goodman Brown," and "The Black Cat". These details can include information about the theme, plot, and characters, and also information about life in nineteenth-century America where appropriate.

These short stories represent U.S. Writing and Culture explore ways in which the violent and traumatic nature of America has come to generate its unique forms of literary and cultural haunting in the nineteenth century.

“The Black Cat” follows the narrator’s descent into madness after he proclaims his sanity in the tale’s opening paragraph. Even the narrator acknowledges the “wild” nature of the tale, attempting thereby to separate his mental condition from the events of the plot. The nature of the narrator’s madness differs from that of the narrator of “The Tell-Tale Heart.” “The Black Cat” does not concern itself only with the self-contained nature of the narrator’s mind. Rather, the narrator confesses an alcoholism that interferes with his grasp on reality and produces mood swings. Alcohol is, like the cat, an external agent that intrudes on the dynamics of the plot. The introduction of alcohol as a plot device is also significant because Edgar Allan Poe was an reputedly uncontrollable drunk throughout his lifetime. For many years, his biographers asserted that he died of alcohol poisoning in a gutter in Baltimore. More recent biographies insist that the exact cause of Poe’s death cannot be determined. Regardless, it is certain that Poe suffered from the deleterious effects of alcohol consumption throughout his life.

One of the fantastic elements in “The Black Cat” is the existence of the second cat—with the changing shape of its white fur and its appearance on the corpse behind the wall. These plot twists challenge reality, but they do not completely substitute a supernatural explanation for a logical one. It is possible that the plot twists derive only from the insanity of the narrator. As a result, the plot twists, like the fantastic, hover between the real and the supernatural. The resolution of the story is both rationally possible and tremendously unlikely; the cat could inhabit the basement walls, but it is difficult to believe that it would remain silently in the wall for a long time or go unnoticed by the overly meticulous narrator.

In “Young Goodman Brown,” Hawthorne references three dark events from the Puritans’ history: the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, the Puritan intolerance of the Quakers, and King Philip’s War. During the Salem Witch Trials, one of the most nightmarish episodes in Puritan history, the villagers of Salem killed twenty-five innocent people who were accused of being witches. The witch hunts often involved accusations based on revenge, jealousy, botched child delivery, and other reasons that had little to do with perceived witchcraft. The Puritan intolerance of Quakers occurred during the second half of the seventeenth century. Puritans and Quakers both settled in America, hoping to find religious freedom and start their own colonies where they could believe what they wanted to. However, Puritans began forbidding Quakers from settling in their towns and made it illegal to be a Quaker; their intolerance soon led to imprisonments and hangings.

Hawthorne reminds the reader of the dubious history of Salem Village and the legacy of the Puritans and emphasizes the historical roots of Goodman Brown’s fascination with the devil and the dark side.

Irving’s humorous short story “Rip Van Winkle” helped launch his literary career and brought him international fame. The titular character, Rip, is a lethargic but good-natured man who is perpetually “henpecked” by his wife. While his domestic affairs are always in disarray, he is ever the helpful neighbor and beloved by all the townspeople. One day, on his usual route to go squirrel hunting on the mountains, Rip encounters a stranger who leads him to a mysterious ravine occupied by unusual beings. Against his better judgement, Rip drinks with the group and falls asleep. Later, when he finally wakes up and makes his way down to his village, his life is forever changed. Through Rip’s tale, Irving explores the history of the Catskill Mountains while intermingling it with the traditions of the old world and European myth. By creating his own folklore through Rip’s adventure, Irving characterizes the inevitability of change and the consequences of evading one’s responsibilities.

laughter and happiness are an essential part of life. laughing releases the body's "feel good" chemicals. thus, it provides long or short term relief from stress and or anxiety. more or less, laughing strengthens social connections and provides an easy approach in social related situations.

moreover, there are many benefits of laughter and humor. it's as if they play the role of superhero to combat anxiety and depression, according to researchers. happiness and laughter is the best medicine for teen mental health.

what happens in the body also affects the mind. the positive changes in physical health also have profound an impact on mental health. we have a lot to gain from laughing! medical effects of laughter have continued to validate the pain-relieving effect and benefits of laughter.

scientists tell us that laughter and humor actually, believe it or not, lower blood pressure, reduce stress hormones and increase muscle flexion. there are many benefits to happiness and laughter, and they so happen to increase the circulation of antibodies in the blood stream and make us resistant to infections.

as stated before, laughing releases your body's "feel good" chemicals, and on a related note, negative stress can cause your body to release chemicals that weaken your immune system which makes you more likely to contract a disease. luckily, laughter reduces negative stress and prevents those chemicals from being released.

all in all, you may want to consider laughing as much as you can!

180 degrees 90 degrees acute angle acute triangle

180 degrees is the measure of a straight angle 90 degrees is the measure of a right angle an acute angle is an angle with a measure between 0° and 90°. an acute triangle has three acute angles.

65 terms

mhenman

geometry g7 connections academy

180 degrees 90 degrees acute angle acute triangle

180 degrees is the measure of a straight angle 90 degrees is the measure of a right angle an acute angle is an angle with a measure between 0° and 90°. an acute triangle has three acute angles.

11 terms

sherly11635

world history vocabulary(connections academy)

absolute dating anthropologist archaeologist artifact

the process of determining the age of a bone or some other org… an expert in the study of the races, beliefs, customs, etc. of… a scientist who learns about ancient people by studying the th… an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural…

9 terms

lexi_east

american government connections academy

1.1. when the framers created the legis… 1.2. study this cartoon about gerrymand… 1.3. "congress does not have an unlimit… 1.4. why did the framers of the constit…

b.) the framers formed a bicameral legislature as a compromise… b.) it dilutes the power of people's votes by creating as many… c.) a tax on parts of the interstate highway system. a.) they wanted the nation to have a unified currency.

49 terms

mary-bate

connections academy english 1 grammar unit 1

mcdonald's a fast food restaurant does… winter, the coldest season of all, cove… little man, a tidy child does not like… identify the appositive phrase: the ins…

mcdonald's, a fast food restaurant, does not serve tacos. correct little man, a tidy child, does not like to have dirty clothes… a large cockroach with hairy legs

56 terms

acg1120

spanish 1 connections academy

en el desayuno el cereal el desayuno los huevos

for breakfast cereal breakfast eggs

56 terms

jocelyncurrie2022

chinese connections academy

姥爷 你好 你 好

grandfather from mom's side (lǎoye) hello (nǐ hǎo; you good) you (nǐ; you have a ni cap) good (hǎo; how good is this? )

42 terms

snarker6

world history b unit 8 ww2 (connections academy)

aircraft carrier anschluss appeasement atlantic charter

large naval ship that accommodates the taking off and landing… hitler's unification of austria and germany (1938). the policy of giving in to an aggressor's demands in order to… the agreement in which franklin roosevelt and winston churchil…

14 terms

patticam

english 10b unit 1 connections academy

simile comedy idiom setting

a comparison using "like" or "as" a humorous work of drama an expression peculiar to a language that takes on a meaning o… the time and place of a story

50 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy spanish 1a unit 6 vocabulary

el agua beber el café el cereal

water to drink coffee cereal

49 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy spanish 1a unit 4 vocabulary

a ver . . aburrido, aburrida el almuerzo arte

let's see . . boring lunch art

23 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy geometry 10a unit 3

conclusion conditional contrapositive converse

the part q following then an if-then statement; if p then q if not q, then not p if q, then p

42 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy spanish 1a unit 9 vocabulary

a la una a las ocho ¿a qué hora? ¡ay! ¡qué pena!

at one (o'clock) at eight (o'clock) (at) what time? oh! what a shame!

126 terms

sawzaw78

connections academy, grade 5 science, unit 2, cells and kingdoms

angiosperm bilateral symmetry cambium cell

a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on eit… a layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem… the smallest part of a living thing

37 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy spanish 1a unit 2 vocabulary

(a mí) me gusta (a mí) me gusta más (a mí) me gusta mucho (a mí) no me gusta

i like i like to better. (i prefer to . .) i like to a lot. i don't like

47 terms

mdccwhite

connections academy spanish 1a unit 7 vocabulary

algo el arroz las bebidas el bistec

something rice beverages beefsteak

23 terms

himynameisjeffey

connections academy science quiz

skepticism ethics personal bias culture bias

an attitude of doubt the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in… comes from a person's likes and dislikes stems from the culture in which a person grows up

12 terms

maddie6014

science 7th grade test connections academy

which of the following could be true of… a biologist studying a desert ecosystem… a nonnative species of animal is introd… in an island ecosystem, fox and skunks…

they share the same niche the snake and lizard use the same limiting resource biodiversity and ecosystem health will both decrease in the fu… skunks and toads have a predator-prey relationship.