LAW OF THE JUNGLE I have heard There is a law of the jungle I have heard when the lion has eaten his fill He never attacks He goes to lie under dense shady trees And when the rough gusts Shake branches of trees The mynah leaving her own young Covers the frail crow’s eggs With her protective wings. I have heard When any bird-young frills out of the nest The entire jungle wakes to rescue. I have heard When the weaver bird’s nest Reflects on the lake The silvery fishes adopt it as a neighbour. And if a rough storm breaks the foot-bridge. Then on a wooden plank Squirrel, snake, gout and cheetah walk in a file. I have heard There is a law of the jungle 0 God, All-Powerful. All Seeing. All-Wise. In this my city Proclaim a law, Even the law of the jungle, —Translated from Urdu by Syeda Hameed1. What does the poet mean to say by the law of the jungle? 2. What happens when the strong wind blows in the jungle?3. What do the animals do when the footbridge breaks due to rough weather? 4. What is the poet’s wish in the last lines? 5. What metre has been used in writing this poem?

Read the passage, then answer the question that follows. no one could have seen it at the time, but the invention of beet sugar was not just a challenge to cane. it was a hint—just a glimpse, like a twist that comes about two thirds of the way through a movie—that the end of the age of sugar was in sight. for beet sugar showed that in order to create that perfect sweetness you did not need slaves, you did not need plantations, in fact you did not even need cane. beet sugar was a foreshadowing of what we have today: the age of science, in which sweetness is a product of chemistry, not whips. in 1854 only 11 percent of world sugar production came from beets. by 1899 the percentage had risen to about 65 percent. and beet sugar was just the first challenge to cane. by 1879 chemists discovered saccharine—a laboratory-created substance that is several hundred times sweeter than natural sugar. today the sweeteners used in the foods you eat may come from corn (high-fructose corn syrup), from fruit (fructose), or directly from the lab (for example, aspartame, invented in 1965, or sucralose—splenda—created in 1976). brazil is the land that imported more africans than any other to work on sugar plantations, and in brazil the soil is still perfect for sugar. cane grows in brazil today, but not always for sugar. instead, cane is often used to create ethanol, much as corn farmers in america now convert their harvest into fuel. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how does this passage support the claim that sugar was tied to the struggle for freedom? it shows that the invention of beet sugar created competition for cane sugar. it shows that technology had a role in changing how we sweeten our foods. it shows that the beet sugar trade provided jobs for formerly enslaved workers. it shows that sweeteners did not need to be the product of sugar plantations and slavery.