Jamie was awakened by her roommate at 5:30 a. m. on a day when she had planned to sleep in until 8:00 a. m. Jamie grumbled to her roommate, "Thanks for waking me up!" This is an example of using .

A. vocal echoes
B. affect displays
C. emotional intelligence
D. paralanguage
E. disfluencies

D). Paralanguage.

Explanation:

'Paralanguage' is demonstrated as the domain of non-verbal communication that involves voice modulation, accent, pitch, fluency, etc.(nuances in voice) or body language to modify the meaning and convey the desired emotions or thoughts.

As per the question, the given situation exemplifies the use of 'paralanguage' as the modulation or intonation of voice by Jamie while grumbling 'Thanks for waking me up' to her roommate for waking her up earlier helps Jamie to convey the sarcasm she intends to display to her. This nuance in voice helps her to convey the intended frustrating feelings of her due to being awoken early indirectly. Thus, option D is the correct answer.

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