johannes gutenberg was born in mainz, germany, in 1398. today he is known as the inventor of the modern printing press. when he was young, books weren't like they are today. most books were actually manuscripts, or texts written by hand. manuscripts took a long time to make and were expensive. only rich people could afford them. gutenberg wanted more people to be able to enjoy reading. his printing press made it easier and cheaper to print books, so more people could own books. who is the primary audience?

Which passage from the story best shows the author's use of surprise to advance the story? a. i'd have gone up to the boss and told him just what i think, tell him everything i would, let him know just what i feel b. "oh, god", he thought, "what a strenuous career it is that i've chosen! travelling day in and day out." c. and he looked over at the alarm clock, ticking on the chest of drawers. "god in heaven! " he thought. it was half past six and the hands were quietly moving forwards, it was even later than half past, more like quarter to seven. d. one morning, when gregor samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. submit

Constructed response paragraph: after reading “the case for short words,” do you think the author makes a convincing case that short words are effective? explain your answer and support it with evidence from the selection.

What happens in puerto rico in 2012 to celebrate the anniversary of clemente’s 3000th hit?