Read the passage.

(1) most americans know that “uncle sam” is a nickname for the united states; however, few americans know how the name originated. (2) some historians believe the name comes from a nineteenth-century businessman from new york. (3) his real name was samuel wilson. (4) his neighbors called him uncle sam. (5) during the war of 1812, he won a government contract. (6) he was to supply beef to u. s. soldiers. (7) the beef was packed in barrels labeled “u. s.” to show that they belonged to the u. s. government. (8) soldiers from new york saw the barrels. (9) they jokingly said “u. s.” stood for uncle sam wilson. (10) the joke spread. (11) soon, soldiers began using the nickname uncle sam to refer to the united states. (12) civilians also began using the nickname uncle sam to refer to the united states. (13) in 1961, congress passed a resolution. (14) the resolution recognized samuel wilson as the original uncle sam.
which is the most effective way to combine sentences (13) and (14)?

recognizing samuel wilson as the original uncle sam in 1961, congress passed a resolution.

in 1961, congress passed a resolution recognizing samuel wilson as the original uncle sam.

congress, in 1961, passing a resolution recognized samuel wilson as the original uncle sam.

Read the passage from sugar changed the world. but it is in india, where it was used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies, that we have the first written record of sugar. long before the first pyramids were built in egypt, the ancient sumerians traded with the people of harappa and mohenjo daro, who lived along the indus river. unfortunately, we are still not able to read the writings left behind from those ancient cities. so the first documents telling us about life in that region come from a much later period. these hindu sacred teachings were probably first gathered together sometime between 1500 and 900 b. c., and were carefully memorized. only hundreds of years later were they finally written down. the hindu writings tell us of a religion in which fire was extremely important. people believed that the gods gave fire to human beings. yet fire was also a way for humans to reach the gods. by placing offerings in a special fire, a priest could turn them into smoke and send them on to the gods. five ingredients were selected for this special burning: milk, cheese, butter, honey, and sugar cane. which details would best fit in a summary of this passage? select two options. "in india . . it was used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies" "the first written record of sugar" "long before the first pyramids were built in egypt" "gods gave fire to human beings" "a priest could turn them into smoke and send them on to the gods"