Aresearcher asks an irb to waive the requirement for parental permission for a study conducted in schools because the nature of the research requires participation of all the children present in classrooms on the day the research will take place. assuming that the basic research design could be approved by the irb and the school, which requirements must be met before an irb could waive parental permission?

The research must pose no more than minimal risk.

Explanation:

The waiver of parental permission is related to the reasonable requirements to preserve the field of study. It involves research with minimal risk, surveys, etc. The research on sensitive topics requires a waiver and that is to ensure the accessibility of teens to limited research topics with minimal risk. As per the question, the requirements that must be met before an IRB could waive parental permission to the research is that it must pose no risk more than 'minimal risk'. This is done to prevent the inclusion of high risk among the students. Thus, in order to seek a waiver of parental permission, it is necessary to ensure minimal risk.

d should be removed as it shows bias

it would be d because the however is more proper and the comma is placed in the right spot