Shana and her father love to take reference books into the forest and identify trees. from all the possible trees described in her book, she wants to find the one tree that matches the one she is standing by.

The given excerpt is an example of convergent thinking. Convergent thinking is a process in which an individual seeks a concrete solution to a problem they are given. There is only one best solution to the task, and the point of convergent thinking is to discover that exact solution. Many tests used in education include multiple-choice questions, math problems, spelling exercises, and similar tasks, which are all questions that test the process of convergent thinking. In the given example, Shana is looking for an exact image of the tree she is standing next to, which is a task that includes convergent thinking.

The opposite of convergent thinking is divergent thinking, which includes the exploration of multiple possible solutions in order to create ideas.

i believe it is he has been given the drum as a joke.

the speech this question is referring to is president kennedy's special message to the congress on urgent national needs, may 25, 1961

kennedy responds in a very direct and concrete way to those thinking that communism is a positive system:

"yet their aggression is more often concealed than open. they have fired no missiles; and their troops are seldom seen. they send arms, agitators, aid, technicians and propaganda to every troubled area. but where fighting is required, it is usually done by others--by guerrillas striking at night, by assassins striking alone--assassins who have taken the lives of four thousand civil officers in the last twelve months in vietnam alone--by subversives and saboteurs and insurrectionists, who in some cases control whole areas inside of independent nations." (kennedy)

president kennedy presents communism as cowardly, as a hidden and treacherous weapon that strikes from the shadows like thieves, he represents the system as not even being capable of showing and open and overt attack or confrontation. to finish up the response, he expresses that the system attacks even a country's idependence and freedom.