The adoption of the mamluk* institutions by the abbasids was followed almost immediately by [the] . . disintegration of the state. . the disintegration of the abbasid state was an intensely painful process in which it seemed at times as if the very venture of islam was coming to an end, like that of alexander the great before it. . indeed, that islam was soon to disappear was the very premise upon which the [shi‘ite] revolutionaries held out their promise of a moral and material recovery: nothing less . . could now save the marriage between religion and power to which the islamic [state] owed its existence.

it's like watching a fable, it's not really about the animals but rather it has a meaning that is understood by us and that is implicit, not explicitly said. implicit ideas are common and are used in almost all works of art, from writing to painting to sculpting.

answer: the first one

explanation:

explicitly is defined as “in a clear and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.” the rest are interpretive and not clearly proven leaving in fact possible “confusion or doubt” which explicitly, by definition cannot have.

noo because no animal can leave it's mother land and freedom even we can't leave some days in a single room by leaving home it is wrong but needed to protect them

queen elizabeth's purpose in the passage is;

d. to persuade the troops that she is a capable commander

"i have the heart and stomach of a king. i myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder."