Aformal operational thinker and a concrete operational thinker are both presented with three beakers containing red liquid and are told that some combination of the liquids will produce a green liquid. how would the manner in which the formal thinker solves the problem most likely differ from that of the concrete thinker?
a. formal thinkers would be more systematic when combining the liquids and eliminating combinations. b. formal thinkers would apply both animism and centration when solving the task. c. formal thinkers would do the problem entirely in their head and not actually pour any liquid. d. the formal thinkers’ approach would be significantly more haphazard.

a. Formal thinkers would be more systematic when combining the liquids and eliminating combinations.        

Explanation:

Formal operational thinker: They think abstractly through manipulating the ideas in the brain.

Formal operational stage: It begins around at the age of twelve and continues until adulthood. As soon as the adolescents enter in this stage, they acquire the ability to think and contemplate abstractly or conceptually by manipulating the ideas in their head, without depending on the concrete manipulation

Concrete operational thinker: They think in a flexible, logical, and organized manner.

Concrete Operational Stage. The stage continues from seven to eleven years of age, and is distinguished by the development of rationale and organized thinking.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)