01: 07: 15
read this excerpt from "not a dove, but no longer a hawk"
thus, in the final analysis, american strategy in vietnam consists of creating a killing machine in the form of a highly
equipped expeditionary corps and then turning this machine on the enemy in the hope that over the years enough killing
will be done to force the enemy's collapse through exhaustion and despair. this strategy, although possibly the only
feasible alternative open to a modern industrial power in such a situation, is of necessity brutal and heedless of many of
its victims.
what is the philosophical concept in this excerpt?
modern war is inherently violent and unfair
the machinery of war has significantly changed.
america's enemies are weak and defenseless.
military corps are trained to defeat the enemy.
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Write a letter to your best friend in london

Read the passage from animal farm. "that was part of the arrangement! " cried squealer. "jones's shot only grazed him. i could show you this in his own writing, if you were able to read it. the plot was for snowball, at the critical moment, to give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. and he very nearly succeeded—i will even say, comrades, he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic leader, comrade napoleon. do you not remember how, just at the moment when jones and his men had got inside the yard, snowball suddenly turned and fled, and many animals followed him? and do you not remember, too, that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all seemed lost, that comrade napoleon sprang forward with a cry of 'death to humanity! ' and sank his teeth in jones's leg? surely you remember that, comrades? " exclaimed squealer, frisking from side to side. now when squealer described the scene so graphically, it seemed to the animals that they did remember it. at any rate, they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle snowball had turned to flee. but boxer was still a little uneasy. how does the characterization of squealer support the author’s purpose? squealer's dramatic accusations draw parallels between him and stalin’s propagandists. squealer's uncertainty shows that he is not a reliable ally of napoleon and is ineffective with messaging. squealer's ability to get the animals to listen to him shows that any animal can rise to be a leader in time. squealer's humble interactions with the animals reflect the importance of equality and cooperation.

When the author quotes the actress sarah brown as saying, i truly believe that this film gives an important message to audiences, the author is using a) repetition. b) a testimonial. c) an ethical appeal. d) the bandwagon method.