How are the sentence patterns for asking questions different from the sentence patterns for making statements?
a) questions usually start with a verb or adverb.
b) questions always include a direct and indirect object.
c) questions don't use pronouns or adjectives.
d) questions are typically much shorter than statements.
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A) Questions usually start with a helping verb or adverb.

Explanation:

The sentence structure in statements and questions is different. In the case of statements, the main elements (subject, verb and direct object) must be organized in the following way:

Statements can also include indirect objects, adverbs, modal and auxiliary verbs, among other elements.

On the other hand, questions are organized in two ways, depending on the type of question:

Verb + Subject + Complement:

Is she your sister?

Modal/Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb:

Will you go to the party? Do you like it? Can you answer the phone?

WH word + Verb + Subject:

What is this? Where are you?

WH word + Modal/Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb:

Where will she go? What are you doing? What did you do last night?

the correct answer is c. analytical reasoning. it is when you analyze the situation to form conclusions.