Which of these sentences contains a present participle verbal functioning as an adjective?
to leave now would be inconvenient.
however, we do have a long way to go.
leaving now would get us there early.
nodding, mom said she would rather be early than late.

The correct answer is - Nodding, Mom said she would rather be early than late.

Explanation:

Present participle verbal looks like a regular verb + -ing (singing, dancing, sleeping, etc) and has the function of either adjectives or adverbs within a sentence.

If you're unsure about the correct answer, let's use the system of elimination:

A is incorrect because there is no participle here at all. There is a verbal to leave, but it is an infinitive, not a participle.

B is incorrect because, again, there is no participle here, only infinitive to go.

C is also incorrect because, even though there is a verb + -ing form in the sentence (the word leaving), it is not a participle, but rather a gerund (gerunds are used as nouns).

Therefore, the only correct option would be sentence D, where the present participle nodding is used as an adjective to describe Mom.

the excerpt from chapter 2 of "animal farm", by george orwell that is an example of foreshadowing is "these three (snowball, napoleon, and squealer) had elaborated old major's teachings into a complete system of thought to which they gave the name of animalism." animal farm is an allegory of how czarist russia developed into communist russia with all its corruption. old major's teachings represent marx's theories turned into communism, animalism, by the three pigs. this foreshadows the oppression and corruption that will follow this revolt.