What is the fourth step to creating a summary?

answer: the correct answer is b. an essay that connects the writer's experience with a topic of significance and of reader interest.

explanation: the key words are here "personal experience" since personal essays give insights about peoples' experiences in life and introduce us in their unique world that can be or not to related to our lives but interests us because we are human beings and share the same condition universally.  

d. because santiago thought any sharks would assume the marlin was part of the boat

eli whitney was an american inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. this was one of the key inventions of the industrial revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum south.

might need to ask questions people no or have read somthing about.