Despite some initial concerns, the teacher is confident that her students mastered the lesson.

this is a sentence.
here the teacher is confident is the independent clause and that her students mastered the lesson is a dependent clause(noun clause) .
my question is that the dependent clause here is modifying or giving more information about the adjective confident (why the teacher is happy? )
and therefore (that her students have mastered the lesson ) should be a adverbial clause as it behaves like an adverb by modifying adjective confident .
correct me i am wrong

that her students mastered the lesson is a noun clause

Explanation:

A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun.

First of all, confident does not mean 'happy'. Confident means having full assurance.

Compare the two sentences:

1. He was confident of success. 2. He was confident that he would succeed.

The word success is a noun, and the clause that he would succeed acts as a noun, too.

In your sentence,

The teacher is confident means the teacher is certain (almost knows for sure) that her students mastered the lesson.

You may ask: What is the teacher confident of?

The teacher is confident of her students' mastery. (...that her students mastered the lesson.)

The word mastery is a noun, and the clause that her students mastered the lesson acts as a noun, too.

So the given clause acts as a noun and, therefore, is not an adverbial clause but a noun clause.

hospitality is mentioned many times in odysseus. it is known as xenia in the poem. one notable example is.

here is a poor man come, a wanderer,

driven by want to beg his bread, and everyone

in hall gave bits, to cram his bag—only

antinous threw a stool, and banged his shoulder

the lines show odysseus disguised as a beggar and shares his bread with another beggar in a weird way because he had to defeat him in order to eat. however, odysseus does not kill the old man and even shows his hospitality.

explanation:

have a great day!

the central idea is basically saying that juveniles that have committed a crime will not have the same consequences as the   adults that have. they will have a softer punishment than what the adults have that is harsh in some ways.