Chappaquiddick speech, 1969 edward kennedy my fellow citizens: 1i have requested this opportunity to talk to the people of massachusetts about the tragedy which happened last friday evening. this morning i entered a plea of guilty to the charge of leaving the scene of an accident. prior to my appearance in court it would have been improper for me to comment on these matters. but tonight i am free to tell you what happened and to say what it means to me. 2on the weekend of july 18th, i was on martha's vineyard island participating with my nephew, joe kennedy -- as for thirty years my family has participated -- in the annual edgartown sailing regatta. only reasons of health prevented my wife from accompanying me. 3on chappaquiddick island, off martha's vineyard, i attended, on friday evening, july 18th, a cook-out i had encouraged and sponsor for a devoted group of kennedy campaign secretaries. when i left the party, around 11: 15pm, i was accompanied by one of these girls, miss mary jo kopechne. mary jo was one of the most devoted members of the staff of senator robert kennedy. she worked for him for four years and was broken up over his death. for this reason, and because she was such a gentle, kind, and idealistic person, all of us tried to her feel that she still had a home with the kennedy family. 4there is no truth, no truth whatever, to the widely circulated suspicions of immoral conduct that have been leveled at my behavior and hers regarding that evening. there has never been a private relationship between us of any kind. i know of nothing in mary jo's conduct on that or any other occasion -- and the same is true of the other girls at that party -- that would lend any substance to such ugly speculation about their character. nor was i driving under the influence of liquor. 5little over one mile away, the car that i was driving on an unlit road went off a narrow bridge which had no guard rails and was built on a left angle to the road. the car overturned in a deep pond and immediately filled with water. i remember thinking as the cold water rushed in around my head that i was for certain drowning. then water entered my lungs and i actual felt the sensation of drowning. but somehow i struggled to the surface alive. 6i made immediate and repeated efforts to save mary jo by diving into the strong and murky current, but succeeded only in increasing my state of utter exhaustion and alarm. my conduct and conversations during the next several hours, to the extent that i can remember them, make no sense to me at all. 7although my doctors informed me that i suffered a cerebral concussion, as well as shock, i do not seek to escape responsibility for my actions by placing the blame either on the physical and emotional trauma brought on by the accident, or on anyone else. 8i regard as indefensible the fact that i did not report the accident to the police immediately. 9instead of looking directly for a telephone after lying exhausted in the grass for an undetermined time, i walked back to the cottage where the party was being held and requested the of two friends, my cousin, joseph gargan and phil markham, and directed them to return immediately to the scene with me -- this was sometime after midnight -- in order to undertake a new effort to dive down and locate miss kopechne. their strenuous efforts, undertaken at some risk to their own lives, also proved futile. 10all kinds of scrambled thoughts -- all of them confused, some of them irrational, many of them which i cannot recall, and some of which i would not have seriously entertained under normal circumstances -- went through my mind during this period. they were reflected in the various inexplicable, inconsistent, and inconclusive things i said and did, including such questions as whether the girl might still be alive somewhere out of that immediate area, whether some awful curse did actually hang over all the kennedys, whether there was some justifiable reason for me to doubt what had happened and to delay my report, whether somehow the awful weight of this incredible incident might in some way pass from my shoulders. i was overcome, i'm frank to say, by a jumble of emotions: grief, fear, doubt, exhaustion, panic, confusion, and shock. what phrase from the passage the reader infer the meaning of the word "substance"? a) "about the tragedy which happened last friday evening" b) "and the same is true of the other girls at that party" c) "for this reason, and because she was such a gentle, kind, and idealistic person" d) "there is no truth, no truth whatever, to the widely circulated suspicions of immoral conduct"