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question is all way down.

(1)the history of books is marked by many important milestones. (2)among the earliest of these would have to be the establishment of the first public library. (3)this event took place in athens, greece, in 540 b. c. (4)books then had to be copied by hand until 1456, when another important milestone was reached. (5)the german inventor johann gutenberg built a printing press capable of producing multiple copies of one book. (6)after printing presses were established, books spread everywhere. (7)by the 1800s, american publishing houses were pumping out works to satisfy a reading-hungry public. (8)an example of a best-selling book was uncle tom's cabin, which was published in 1852 and sold seven million copies. (9)the next chapter in the history of books began in the 1980s, with the publishing of books on audiotape. (10)today, we even have electronic books that can be downloaded from the internet.

q. the time transition used for the last important event discussed in this passage is: (type one word. then click go.)

"today"

a time passage

The correct answer is today.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)