Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of the prince. hence it is to be remarked that, in seizing a state, the usurper ought to examine closely into all those injuries which it is necessary for him to inflict, and to do them all at one stroke so as not to have to repeat them daily; and thus by not unsettling men he will be able to reassure them, and win them to himself by benefits. he who does otherwise, either from timidity or evil advice, is always compelled to keep the knife in his hand; neither can he rely on his subjects, nor can they attach themselves to him, owing to their continued and repeated wrongs. for injuries ought to be done all at one time, so that, being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given little by little, so that the flavour of them may last longer. how does machiavelli’s use of words such as seizing, usurper, inflict, knife, win, reassure, and benefits affect the tone of the passage? a. there are more words with negative ones than positive ones, creating a frightening tone. b. there are more words with negative ones than positive ones, creating a threatening tone. c. the words with positive connotations soften the ones with negative connotations to create a serious, matter-of-fact tone. d. the words with positive connotations are used to create an encouraging tone.

The correct answer is answer C ("The words with positive connotations soften the ones with negative connotations to create a serious, matter-of-fact tone").

The tone of this excerpt is remarkably pragmatic for speaking about such horrific matter. Machiavelli achieves this by never losing sight of his aim, which is to instruct efficiency. He's very aware of the delicate nature of the subject matter. Without omitting important details even though they may seem cruel or gruesome, he's able to keep a cold tone by neutralizing these negative connotations with positive language.

This effect is made more clear in the last paragraph:

"For injuries ought to be done all at one time, so that, being tasted less, offend less..." - Here he's talking about necessary punishment and mercy at the same time.

"Benefits ought to be given little by little, so that the flavour may last longer..." - Machiavelli is talking about manipulation and using the word flavour which has a positive connotation that softens the cruel nature of the act.

Hope this helps!

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

the emperor is made to look inferior next to faustus's power.