Indirect characterization is by the author

Indirect characterization is a literary technique used by the author                                                                                                        

Explanation:

There are two ways an author can convey information about a character:

In the first method, the author directly tells the audience or reader what a character is like. This may be done via the narrator, another character or by the character themselves.

In the second method (Indirect characterisation)

The audience must decipher for themselves what the character is like through the character's thoughts, actions, speech (choice of words, manner of speaking), physical appearance, mannerisms and interaction with other characters, including other characters' reactions to that particular person.

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