According to the scientific community there is no doubt pluto should be classified as a dwarf plenat

Since its discovery in 1930 until 2006, Pluto was considered a planet, just like the others in the Solar System. But in 2005, Caltech researcher Mike Brown announced that he had discovered a new object which was more distant, but larger in the Solar System.

This object was originally named 2003 UB 313, but then was given the official designation of Eris, after the Greek God of strife and discord. It briefly had the nickname Xena – yes, after the TV show.

With the discovery of Eris, astronomers had to reconsider their definition of a planet. Since Eris is larger than Pluto, the number of planets in the Solar System would need to be expanded to 10. And who knows how much larger it would become with future discoveries.

The International Astronomical Union met in Prague in 2006 to make a final decision. They decided that a planet must fulfill three criteria:

It must orbit the Sun

It must have enough mass to pull itself into a spherical shape

It must have cleared out the other objects in its orbit.

It’s this 3rd part where Pluto falls down. Pluto has only a fraction of the mass of the rest of the objects in its orbit, while the rest of the planets have essentially cleared theirs out completely. Does Pluto have moons? It does, but even with the mass of its moons, Pluto still doesn’t dominate its orbit.

    Pluto, Eris and the Asteroid Ceres were given the new designation of “dwarf planet”.

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to whom may it may concern;

i have recently ordered a product from your online shop. the shipping details read that my order would be delivered by the 8th of december, whereas it was delivered the 13th. i needed the package for a christmas exchange. 

since i paid for overnight shipping, but did not receive the package in the time allotted, i am kindly asking for a refund. the product was just perfect, but i do not believe i should have to pay for a quick shipping if it came late.

you for your time, i hope to hear from you soon.

sincerely,

john smith

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)