Summarize immanuel kant's ethical theory.

Immanuel Kant, -1724 to 1804-, was a german philosopher whose thoughts are as complex as important for modern world. Let`s try to summarize Kant`s ethics thru an example: a kidnapper takes a young boy in exchange for a ransom. The police finds him, they have evidence he killed the boy, but he refuses to reveal the location of the dead body. The boy`s family is suffering a lot. Then, a police officer, feeling frustrated, and really  willing t locate the boy`s body to relief the suffering from his family, tortures the kidnapper, in order to obtain his confession. And he gets it, so they finally find the boy`s corpse, bringing relief to the family.

If you ask Kant what he thinks abou it, he probably would say that both men, the kidnapper and the police officer acted wrongfully, because you cannot USE a person as a MEANS to obtain something: you can undermine a person`s freedom for money, as you cannot inflict pain to obtain a result, and this is because there is a universal, doubtless supreme moral rule: people are no means, people are no objects, hence, they can not be used as such.

the answer is b. my dude

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)