What is happening here? "now go match that, you young pups, and straightaway i'll hurl you another just as far, i swear, or even farther! all the rest of you, anyone with the spine and spirit, step right up and try me—you've incensed me so"

The character gave an order I know that because he says "go match that, young pups..." then he gets mad, I can tell using context clues such as when he says "I'll hurl you another fast as far..." and gets more mad.

repetition is used to emphasize a feeling or idea, create rhythm, and/or develop a sense of urgency.

a.) it provides a clue to solve the mystery.