The tradition of journaling dates back to when?

The activity of writing details of our lives is as old as handwriting itself. Early diaries were mostly used as a mean of keeping public records. The modern diary as we know it now has its origins in fifteenth-century (circa 1600) Italy where diaries were used for accounting. Slowly, the focus of diaries shifted from that of recording public life to reflecting on the private one. Leonardo da Vinci filled 5,000 pages of journals with ideas about inventions and clever observations.

Diary as autobiography, the modern diary, began with Samuel Pepys in England in 1660. He logged details of his life in London, containing impressive scenes from historic events like the Great Fire of 1666 and more intimate scenes such as quarrels with his wife.

The travel journal has been all over the world since the early Christian pilgrims began wandering to the Holy Land in the first century after Christ. By the late eighteenth century, explorers were crossing the earth and recording their discoveries – explorers such as Captain Cook, Lewis and Clark, and Darwin. In 1845 Henry David Thoreau began recording what would become the classic, Walden, the account of his two-year experiment of “living deliberately” at Walden Pond.

So we could conclude that Journaling is as old as writing itself, there is evidence in some caves where the cavemen depicted their lives in everyday activities, and those can be considered as the first Journaling evidence. The tradition of journaling dates back to the first intelligent humans.

But the first documented and most famous diary comes from  the renowned Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote his deepest thoughts in a 12-book journal collection in 167 A.D. He titled his entries "Things to One's Self" (Greek translation), but we know them today as Meditations. His discernments, experiences, and perception have taught and inspired countless people through the ages.

below i present a summary with the most relevant aspects of chapter 2, which were taken from karangan bahasa inggeris (english essays) spm: argumentative essays.

tuna wira

credit to mohana ram murugiah.

i hope to be of

teacher smiles at the students who wait for his signal to sit down. he nods briefly and the students sit down and get ready for the lesson to start. there is an air of quiet expectancy when teacher refers to the unusual things found underneath their houses that morning. whispers of bags of rice ran among the students and a student muttered reluctantly that the rice is rent for the landlord. this starts off the discussion on the issue of paying rent for the use of the landowner’s land. da wan raises the question of why the landlord owns the land rather than the farmer although they have spent a lot of time farming it. the three reasons of labour, need and inheritance are listed as reasons for the landlord’s ownership of the land. they are discussed and dismissed as inadequate reasons. they suggested a system of collective farming to the farmers. the headmaster comes down the corridor to observe the lesson. teacher very quickly changed the lesson to a geography wesson. the students followed his cue and no one gave the slightest notice < of the headmaster ‘s presence. when the headmaster leaves, teacher explains the implications of winning the scholarship. it involves bearing respontsibilities and the scholarship holder should master what is useful and return to the village. he should understand the injustices in the present system and change it to a fairer system. then, he announces the wiimnuir of the scholarship to be dawan.

this quote could be referring to the death penalty. it's questioning the morality of sentencing murderers to death as a punishment, because it seems hypocritical. this quote seems to be arguing for non-lethal punishment for killers.