Smallpox was introduced to europe sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the middle ages. the disease greatly affected the development of western civilization. the first stages of the decline of the roman empire (ad 108) coincided with a large-scale epidemic: the plague of antonine, which accounted for the deaths of almost 7 million people. the arab expansion, the crusades, and the discovery of the west indies all contributed to the spread of the disease. the author most supports his argument that smallpox devastated mankind over the centuries by providing a historical timeline. an alternative claim. details of a historical incident. interesting, partially related facts.

The Author presents a series of interesting, partially related facts to support his argument that smallpox devastated  mankind over the centuries.

The option of a Historical Timeline is not correct because only the example of the decline of the Roman Empires states an actual date ( AD 108).

The option of an alternative claim is also incorrect because there is no such a claim.

The option of details of a historical incident seems to be correct but is not because there are several historical events presented and there is not a single detail on them.

So the correct option is the last one interesting, partially related facts.

a complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  

to write complex sentences, we must use subordinating conjunctions.  

all the complex sentences begin with a subordinating conjunction and when it occurs, a comma must be place at the end of the dependent clause. on the contrary, if the sentence begins with an independent clause, then no comma is used.

after  

although  

as  

because  

before  

if  

since  

when  

for example,  

after she won the competition, she became very popular.  

although my father was hurt, he continued fighting for his rights.  

as all of you got a ten, you will be able to leave early today.  

before he went to the war, he asked his parents to bless him.  

if it is cold, i won’t go out.  

since you didn’t bring the homework, you will get low grades.  

when it is hot in the town, everyone goes to the beach.  

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