Anoun or a pronoun that follows another noun or pronoun in a sentence to identify or explain it is called a(n) gerund appositive infinitive

The correct answer is appositive.

An appositive is a word or a phrase (usually a noun or an adjective or a pronoun), that is used to describe the noun or pronoun before it. It is usually set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.

For example: Mary, my friend, is going to come over in an hour.

we need the passage first

the support that the author, uses in the article facing our fears is a): a definition of the part of the brain called the amygdala.

he takes neuroscientist joseph ledoux's words by telling that by falling to distinguish between evolutionary old systems located in the amygdala and newer systems, centered in the prefrontal cortex, doctors have conflated non conscious threat circuits in the brain with circuits that underlie the conscious experience of fear. that, the author says, "leads ledoux to the jarring conclusion that the amygdala, a decades-old centerpiece of the brain's fear circuit, does not underlie the conscious feeling of fear".

despite this, the author points out in the article that that is a controversial notion and that evidence, in animal and humans, supports the idea that core emotions can exist outside of conscious awareness.