By alluding to whitman’s poem in "i, too, sing america" hughes was able to draw connections to us cultural heritage. criticize other african american poets. become the leader of the harlem renaissance. write about the us in a totally new way.

draw connections to US cultural heritage.

Explanation:

When you are alluding to a great poem, song, novel or speech that is commonly known by your audience, you can draw connections to those prodounf roots that you are reaching, and it helps your audience empathize with you and what you are proposing, in this case Hughes does it beautifully alluding one of the most beautiful poems written in the history of the country, that was written at a time where african americans weren´t thought tobe part of that singing america, and converts it into a poem of celebration and at the same time of power for the african american community.

the author develops a cold, and scared tone. making the reader shudder with fear, and suddenly become cold. i'm guessing that he's writing a scary novel, or maybe about a chilly december night.