What are bumper height requirements? Are they the same for every vehicle?

Athin walled concentric tube exchanger is used to cool engine oil from 160°c to 60°c with water that is available at 25°c acting as a coolant. the oil and water flow rates are each at 2 kg/s, and the diameter of the inner tube is 0.5 m and the corresponding value of the overall heat transfer coefficient is 250 w/m2. oc. how long must the heat exchanger be to accomplish the desired cooling? cpwater=4.187 kj/kg-candcpengine el=2.035 kj/kg·°c, oil . 120]

10 kg of co2 is initially contained at 400 kpa and 300 k. the gas constant for carbon dioxide is 189 j/lkg k) and has a specific heat ratio, k, of 1.289. isentropic expansion then occurs until the pressure is 200 kpa. a) determine the initial volume of co2 in m. b) determine the final temperature in k. c) determine the work done by the system during the expansion kl.

1kg of water contained in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two processes in series from an initial state where the pressure is 3.0 bar and the temperature is 150°c process 1-2: the water is compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.25 m^3 with 120 kj of work being done to the system. process 2-3: the water is heated at constant volume to a final pressure of 10 bar. a. find the change in internal energy for the system. b. calculate the amount of heat transferred, in kj. c. sketch both processes on a t-v diagram. (196.33 kj/kg, 76.33 kj)