In mechanics of materials, the bending stress of a beam in bending can be determined by the equation σ = MyIwhere expressed in terms of SI base units M is the bending moment in Newton-meters (N-m), y is the distance from the neutral axis in meters (m), and I is the moment of inertia in meters to the fourth power (m4). The bending stress σ has the same units as those of:.a) pressure. b) density. c) force. d) spring constant.

Apump is used to circulate hot water in a home heating system. water enters the well-insulated pump operating at steady state at a rate of 0.42 gal/min. the inlet pressure and temperature are 14.7 lbf/in.2, and 180°f, respectively; at the exit the pressure is 60 lbf/in.2 the pump requires 1/15 hp of power input. water can be modeled as an incompressible substance with constant density of 60.58 lb/ft3 and constant specific heat of 1 btu/lb or. neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the temperature change, in °r, as the water flows through the pump.

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)

Which of the following controllers anticipates the future from the slope of errors over time? a)-proportional b)-on/off c)-integral d)-derivative.