A 100 cm pipeline conveying crude oil will need to take a 60° turn from its right way to avoid a rock boulder. If the pressure intensity in the line is 12 bar and the flow rate is not more than 0.2 m3/s, estimate the forces that will be withstood by the concrete support to be provided at the bend. Density of crude oil is 800 kg/m3 while its viscosity is 0.95 Ns/m2.

Carbon dioxide gas expands isotherm a turbine from 1 mpa, 500 k at 200 kpa. assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting the kinetic and potential energies, determine the change in entropy, heat transfer and work for each kilogram of co2.

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature

Which of the following components of a pid controlled accumulates the error over time and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? a)- proportional b)- derivative c)- integral d)- on/off.