An Ideal gas is being heated in a circular duct as while flowing over an electric heater of 130 kW. The diameter of duct is 500 mm. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27 deg C with a volume flow rate of 15 m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 80 kW, Calculate the exit temperature of the gas in deg C. (Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and constant specific heat; Cp =1000 J/kg K; R = 500 J/kg K)

Exit temperature = 32°C

Explanation:

We are given;

Initial Pressure;P1 = 100 KPa

Cp =1000 J/kg.K = 1 KJ/kg.k

R = 500 J/kg.K = 0.5 Kj/Kg.k

Initial temperature;T1 = 27°C = 273 + 27K = 300 K

volume flow rate;V' = 15 m³/s

W = 130 Kw

Q = 80 Kw

Using ideal gas equation,

PV' = m'RT

Where m' is mass flow rate.

Thus;making m' the subject, we have;

m' = PV'/RT

So at inlet,

m' = P1•V1'/(R•T1)

m' = (100 × 15)/(0.5 × 300)

m' = 10 kg/s

From steady flow energy equation, we know that;

m'•h1 + Q = m'h2 + W

Dividing through by m', we have;

h1 + Q/m' = h2 + W/m'

h = Cp•T

Thus,

Cp•T1 + Q/m' = Cp•T2 + W/m'

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

(1*300) - (80/10) = (1*T2) - (130/10)

Q and M negative because heat is being lost.

300 - 8 + 13 = T2

T2 = 305 K = 305 - 273 °C = 32 °C

oil flow is a highly convective flow compared to water flow at normal temperature and pressure.