Two waveforms, υ1(t) and υ2(t), have identical amplitudes and oscillate at the same frequency, but υ2(t) lags υ1(t) by a phase angle of 60°. If υ1(t) = 4 cos(2π × 103t + 30° ) V,

Required:
Write the expression appropriate for υ2(t) and plot both waveforms over the time span from −1 ms to +1 ms.

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Two technicians are discussing the intake air temperature (iat) sensor. technician a says that the computer uses the iat sensor as a backup to the engine coolant temperature (ect) sensor. technician b says that the powertrain control module (pcm) will subtract the calculated amount of fuel if the air measures hot. who is correct

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)