It is desired to produce and aligned carbon fiber-epoxy matrix composite having a longitudinal tensile strength of 610 MPa. Calculate (a) the critical fiber length, and (b) the volume fraction of fibers necessary if (1) the average fiber diameter is 0.029 mm, (2) the average fiber length is 2.3 mm, (3) the fiber fracture strength is 5300 MPa, (4) the fiber-matrix bond strength is 19 MPa, (5) the matrix stress at fiber failure is 17.3 MPa.

Starting wih an energy balance on a rectangular volume element, derive the one- dimensional transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation.

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj

Aseries piping system conveys methyl alcohol. the system consists of 70 m of 1- nominal pipe follow by 50 m of 2-nominal pipe, both schedule 40 commercial steel. the 1-nominal pipe contains 3 90° elbows (regular) anda fully open gate valve, all threaded. the pressure drop through the system is 150 kpa. determine the volume flow rate through the system that is horizontally laid.