A team of scientists is designing a radar as a probe for measuring the depth of the ice layer over the Antarctic landmass. In order to measure a detectable echo due to the reflection by the ice-rock boundary, the thickness of the ice sheet should not exceed three skin depths. If for ice and if the maximum anticipated ice thickness in the area under exploration is 1.2 km, what frequency range is useable with the radar?

Wave Propagation:
Wave propagation is the way a wave travel in any way. Propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in other materials for electromagnetic waves. However, other types of waves can't propagate in a vacuum and require a transmission material to exist.

Consider a power plant with water as the working fluid that operates on an ideal rankine cycle. it has a net power output of 45mw. superheated steam enters the turbine at 7mpa and 500°c (h=3411.4 kj/kg; s=6.8 kj/kg k) and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kpa by running cooling water from a lake through the tubes of the condenser at a rate of 2000 kg/s. (a) show the cycle on a t-s diagram (a right schematic is fine - you do not need to calculate the temperatures at each point); (b)-determine the work done by the turbine and the pump in kj/kg; (c)-the mass flow rate of water used by the power plant; (d)-the thermal efficiency of the cycle; (e)-the temperature rise of the cooling water. assume the cooling water is incompressible with cp 4.18 kj/kg°c.