Water is to be withdrawn from an 8-m-high water reservoir by drilling a 2.2-cm-diameter hole at the bottom surface. Disregarding the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine the flow rate of water through the hole if (a) the entrance of the hole is well-rounded and (b) the entrance is sharp-edged.

(a) well-rounded entrance = 0.00469 m³/s

(b) sharp-edged entrance = 0.00389 m³/s

Explanation:

Assumptions are

1. The flow is steady and incompressible

2. The reservoir is open to atmospheric pressure

3. The effect of kinetic energy correction factor is disregarded

Note,

Loss coefficient KL for well-rounded entrance is 0.03 and for

sharp-edged entrance is 0.5

Height of Reservoir Z1 is 8 m

Reference height Z2 is zero

P1 = P2 = P atm

Diameter of the hole = 2.2 cm = 0.022 m

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