Water flowing in a horizontal 25-cm-diameter pipe at 9 m/s and 300 kpa gage enters a 90° bend reducing section, which connects to a 15-cm-diameter vertical pipe. the inlet of the bend is 50 cm above the exit. neglecting any frictional and gravitational effects, determine the net resultant force exerted on the reducer by the water. take the momentum-flux correction factor to be 1.04.

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature