Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 23 kw of useful mechani- cal power to the water. the free surface of the upper reservoir is 57 m higher than the surface of the lower reservoir. if the flow rate of water is measured to be 0.03 m3/s, determine the irreversible head loss of the system and the lost mechanical power during this process.

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Thermal stresses are developed in a metal when its a) initial temperature is changed b) final temperature is changed c) density is changed d) thermal deformation is prevented e) expansion is prevented f) contraction is prevented

Apipe with an outside diameter of 15 cm is exposed to an ambient air and surrounding temperature of -20°c. the pipe has an outer surface temperature of 65°c and an emissivity of 0.85. if the rate of heat loss from the pipe surface is 0.95 kw per meter of length, the external convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is: (a) 12.5 w/m"k (b) 18.6 w/mk (c) 23.7 w/mk (d) 27.9 w/mk (e) 33.5 w/mk