Crude oil (mu = 40cp, sg = 0.87) is to be pumped from a storage tank to a refinery through a 10in. sch 20 commercial steel pipeline at a flow rate of 2000 gpm. the pipeline is 50mi long and contains 35 90degrees elbows and 10 open gate valves. the pipeline exit is 150 ft higher than the entrance, and the exit pressure is 25 psig. what horsepower is required to drive the pumps in the system if they are 70% efficient?

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj