What is the difference between pump and turbine? write the first law of thermodynamics for both (pump & turbine)?

Pumps converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy while turbines convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

Explanation:

The machines which converts and transfers mechanical energy in the form of torque on the shaft into hydraulic energy in the form of water under pressure are called pumps whereas those machines which converts water pressure or hydraulic energy into mechanical energy that is further converted into electrical energy are called turbines.

   The pump impeller rotates in the opposite direction to the turbine runner.

A turbine delivers work as output whereas a pump consumes work.

First law of thermodynamics for a pump :

W = ( H₁-H₂) +Q  , where H₁ > H₂

First law of thermodynamics for a turbines :

W = ( H₂-H₁) +Q  , where H₁ < H₂

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