Micro hydro installations often obtain an over- all efficiency of 60% or less. this is primarily due to friction within the penstock and associ- ated piping. what can be done to minimize this loss and improve efficiency?

If the thermal strain developed in polyimide film during deposition is given as 0.0044. assume room temperature is kept at 17.3 c, and thermal coefficient of expansion for the film and the substrate are 54 x 10^-6c^-1 and 3.3 x 10^-6c^-1respectively. calculate the deposition temperature.

The flow rate of air through a through a pipe is 0.02 m5/s. a pitot static tube is placed in the flow. the radius of the pitot static tube is 1 mm. assuming the flow to be steady and the air to be at 300k, calculate the difference in total and static pressure if the diameter of the pipe is: (a) d 0.1 m d 0.05 m (c) d 0.01 m

Determine the damped natural frequencies and the steady state response of a decoupled damped forced two degrees of freedom system. 10ä1 + 2q1 20q1 10 cos t; 10q2 +4q2 + 40q2 10 cos t