The instructions for a computer program are sometimes referred to as . computer programmers focus on computer programs, but they also plan, test, and document computer programs. in contrast, software apply formalized techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of software while increasing reliability. before program code can be written, a programmer needs a clear problem , which includes a list of assumptions, a description of known information, and a specification for what constitutes a solution. programming projects can be approached using a(n) methodology, which requires extensive planning and documentation up front. an alternative approach is to use the methodology in which programs are developed in iterations called . with a clear plan, a programmer can begin coding using a text editor, program editor, or development environment. programs are composed of a series of statements that include a(n) such as input or print and parameters. those parameters may include that represent values that can change, or that represent unchanging values. all computer programs should include internal documentation in the form of , which are explanatory comments inserted into a computer program along with lines of code. a program is not complete until it has been tested to ensure that it contains no errors, logic errors, or runtime errors. programmers can use methods based on rigorous logical and mathematical models to reduce the number of defects in a software product. additional techniques for producing high-quality, secure code include threat modeling and programming.

The answers to the problems are given in the bold font statements below

Explanation:

The instructions for a computer program are sometimes referred to as program code. Computer programmers focus on programming computer programs, but they also plan, test and document computer programs. In contrast, software programmers apply formalized techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of software while increasing reliability. Before a program can be written, a programmer needs a clear problem statement, which includes a list of assumptions, a description of known information, and a specification for what constitutes a solution. Programming projects can be approached using a(n) predictive methodology, which requires extensive planning and documentation up front. An alternative approach is to use the agile methodology in which programs are developed in iterations called sprints. With a clear plan, a programmer can begin composing using a text editor, program editor, or visual development environment. Programs are composed of a series of statements that include a(n) command words such as input or print and parameters. Those parameters may include variables that represent values that can change, or constants that that represents unchanging values. All computer programs should include internal documentation in the form of remarks which are explanatory comments inserted into a computer program following language-specific symbols, such as # or keywords such as REM. A program is not complete until it has been tested to ensure that it contains no syntax errors, logic errors, or run time errors. Programmers can use formal methods based on rigorous logical and mathematical methods to reduce the number of defects in a software product. Additional techniques for producing high-quality, secure programs include threat modeling and defensive programming.