The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric addres written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be 0 to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address The binary notation for this IP address is 00000001.10100000.00001010.11110000 1. Explain all the steps of how this conversion from decimal notation to binary notation was made 1.160.10.240 to 00000001.10100000.00001010.11110000 Decimal notation Binary notation 2. IP Addresses are classified into classes (it may be called groups or categories) A, B, C, D, E. Find the definition of each one of these classes 3. Determine the class the above IP address belongs to. Explain why

The idea that, for each pair of devices v and w, there’s a strict dichotomy between being “in range” or “out of range” is a simplified abstraction. more accurately, there’s a power decay function f (·) that specifies, for a pair of devices at distance δ, the signal strength f(δ) that they’ll be able to achieve on their wireless connection. (we’ll assume that f (δ) decreases with increasing δ.) we might want to build this into our notion of back-up sets as follows: among the k devices in the back-up set of v, there should be at least one that can be reached with very high signal strength, at least one other that can be reached with moderately high signal strength, and so forth. more concretely, we have values p1 ≥ p2 ≥ . . ≥ pk, so that if the back-up set for v consists of devices at distances d1≤d2≤≤dk, thenweshouldhavef(dj)≥pj foreachj. give an algorithm that determines whether it is possible to choose a back-up set for each device subject to this more detailed condition, still requiring that no device should appear in the back-up set of more than b other devices. again, the algorithm should output the back-up sets themselves, provided they can be found.\