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When creating a budget, log fixed expenses before income. after income. after savings. at the top.

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a, b,c, d sharing the medium. (a) stations a, b,c, d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful. when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

Write a method named addall that could be placed inside the hashintset class. this method accepts another hashintset as a parameter and adds all elements from that set into the current set, if they are not already present. for example, if a set s1 contains [1, 2, 3] and another set s2 contains [1, 7, 3, 9], the call of s1.addall(s2); would change s1 to store [1, 2, 3, 7, 9] in some order. you are allowed to call methods on your set and/or the other set. do not modify the set passed in. this method should run in o(n) time where n is the number of elements in the parameter set passed in.