Alice and Bob decide to communicate using NTRUEncrypt with parameters (N, p, q) = (7, 3, 29). Alice’s public key is h(x) = 3 + 14X − 4X2 + 13X3 − 6X4 + 2X5 + 7X6 . Bob sends Alice the plaintext message m(x)= 1+ X − X2 − X3 − X6 using the random element r(x) = −1 + X2 − X5 + X6.

(a) What ciphertext does Bob send to Alice?

(b) Alice’s private key is f(x) = −1 + X − X2 + X4 + X6 and F 3(x)=1+ X + X2 + X4 + X5 − X6. Check your answer in (a) by using f and F 3 to decrypt the message.

The concept of comes from the acknowledgment that data changes form and often gets copied, moved, and stored in many places. sensitive data often leaves the protection of application databases and ends up in e-mails, spreadsheets, and personal workstation files.

1. which of the following statements are true about routers and routing on the internet. choose two answers. a. protocols ensure that a single path between two computers is established before sending packets over it. b. routers are hierarchical and the "root" router is responsible for communicating to sub-routers the best paths for them to route internet traffic. c. a packet traveling between two computers on the internet may be rerouted many times along the way or even lost or "dropped". d. routers act independently and route packets as they see fit.

This question involves a class named textfile that represents a text file. public class textfile { private string filename; private string filename; private arraylist words; // constructors not shown // postcondition: returns the number of bytes in this file public int filesize() { } // precondition: 0 < = index < words. size() // postcondition: removes numwords words from the words arraylist beginning at // index. public void deletewords(int index, int numwords) { } // precondition: 0 < = index < = words. size() // postcondition: adds elements from newwords array to words arraylist beginning // at index. pub lic voidaddwords(int index, string[] newwords) { } // other methods not shown } complete the filesize() method. the filesize() is computed in bytes. in a text file, each character in each word counts as one byte. in addition, there is a space in between each word in the words arraylist, and each of those spaces also counts as one byte. for example, suppose the words arraylist stores the following words: { mary had a little lamb; its fleece was white as snow. } the filesize() method would compute 4 + 3 + 1 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 5 as the sum of the lengths of each string in the arraylist. the value returned would be this sum plus 10, because there would also be 10 spaces in between the 11 words. complete the filesize() method below: // postcondition: returns the number of bytes in this file public int filesize() { }