Possible actions in system and operation planning
Diversify supply chains to address multiple types of disruptions
Strengthen and coordinate emergency response plans to minimize magnitude and length of disruptions
Develop flood and stormwater management plans to address extreme weather events and sea level rise
Develop drought management plans to address the potential for decreased water supplies
Develop hydropower management plans to address the potential for hydrologic extremes
Possible actions involving existing or new equipment
Build redundancy into facilities to allow for continued operation during partial disruptions
Storm-harden energy infrasatructure and/or elevate water-sensitive equipment to address high water levels
Build coastal barriers using green, grey, or hybrid infrastructure to address high water levels
Improve reliability of grid systems through back-up power supply, intelligent controls, smart grid, micro-grids, and distributed generation to better respond to disruptions
Implement air-cooled or low-water-use cooling systems for thermoelectric power plants to address drought and increased temperatures of water for cooling
Expand the use of non-water-intensive energy technologies (e.g., wind, photovoltaic solar)
Relocate vulnerable facilities out of locations that may be inundated
Relocate facilities to areas that have a more sustainable water supply
Add peak generation and power storage capacity to minimize disruptions
Add back-up power supply for grid disruptions
Add regional fuel product reserves to address vulnerable fuel supply disruptions
Increase transmission capacity within and between regions to overcome localized disruptions
Possible actions in reducing energy demand
Improve residential and building energy, cooling, and manufacturing efficiencies
Improve demand-response capabilities of energy infrastructure (for example, a smart grid)
Allow flexible work schedules to transfer energy use to off-peak hours
