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The function of a buffer is to maintain a neutral pH. 

A buffer is composed of a Weak Acid, which resists the addition of bases; and the Conjugate Base of the Weak Acid which resists the addition of acids.

Buffer solutions maintain a pH that is near the value of the pKa of the Weak Acid that is used to form the Buffer. The pH of a buffer solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:



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